Pakistan was born in 1947 after the Muslims of India sought self-determination so they would not have to share statehood with the majority Hindu population of India. The idea of an independent Muslim state in India was headed by the Muslim League who pressured the British into creating Pakistan.

Pakistan...

...suffers from an existential rivalry with India. India is several times bigger in terms of GDP, population and total land area. Because of this, Pakistan has forced a larger defense share over its total GDP to try and match India, which is unhealthy given Pakistan's unstable economic state.

Something that also doesn't help is Pakistan's low tax-to-gdp ratio. The tax base exists out of mostly urban workers (~5.2 million) while the vast majority of the population, who primarily work in services and agriculture, (~235 million) remains mostly untaxed.

Not all is bad, though. Pakistan is considered the only modern nation-state in the world to have been created in the name of Islam, because it was specifically created to harbor Muslims.

The markhor goat, as seen on the right, is the national animal of Pakistan. It's supposed to represent the cold, mountainous north and its resilience for being able to live in harsh conditions, like Pakistanis.

IGOs

basic information

government

Pakistan is a federal parliamentary republic, meaning a democratic parliament and senate is chosen or indirectly chosen by the Pakistani people. The country follows the Westminster system.

nationalism

Territorial nationalism is key, where the various regions that make up Pakistan are integral to its identity. Also being a Muslim is very important, as Pakistan is governed through Islamic principles.

economy

Pakistan follows a capitalistic economic model with a regulated market and a private flow of goods.

ideology

Pakistan is governed with the core tenets of Islamic democracy in mind + civil law, otherwise known as a form of Sharia. Pakistan is Sunni, meaning it has no theocratic hierarchy, unlike Shia Islam with their ayatollahs.

reach

Pakistan is considered to be a major middle power able to disrupt the balance of southern Asia. It is also one of the few countries that holds nuclear weaponry.

provinces

the pakistani consitution outlined 4 main provinces that together make up pakistan (along with the federal capital and other territories). these 4 regions are supposed to be representative of the main ethnicities of pakistan, those being the punjabis, pashtuns, sindhis and the baloch.

Balochistan is a mountanous and arid province of Pakistan. Due to the of the exploitation of its abundant natural resources and supposed neglect from the central government, a significant amount of balochs seek independence from Pakistan.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) is home to the Pashtuns. Northern KP is also mountainous and has fertile plains in the south, which is where the majority of the population is concentrated.

Punjab, otherwise known as the Land of the Five Rivers, is an extremely fertile region where the rivers Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Sutlej converge to formt he Indus river which flows out of Punjab.

Sindh is known as the Gateway of Islam, boasting around 3000 cultural heritage sites. Sindh has plains, mountains and deserts. Sindh specializes in industrial output, mainly textiles, steels, and cement.