Continents of the World
Africa 
Africa is the second largest continent by total population and land area. It is considered to be the most culturally diverse continent, boasting around 3000 ethnicities on the higher estimate. The original population of Africa has lived there for tens of thousands of years leading to a higher concentration of genetic divergence compared to the humans who left Africa to spread across Asia and Europe. This is because the people who left Africa left in small groups compared to the already established African population.
Historically African governance was primarily at the local level. Even the most centralized African kingdoms relied on local councils, chiefs or village masters for legitimacy.
Asia 
Asia is the largest continent on Earth, by population and total land area. It is divided into North, East, Central, Southeast, South and West Asia.
Asia has historically been a major buyer and producer of goods, with various trade networks running through the Strait of Malacca, which attracted a ton of merchants from India, Eastern Africa, China and Arabs and Southeast Asia due to its ideal spot as a point of convergence, acting as a bridge between the Indian ocean and the South China Sea.
This was a part of the larger Silk Road, with various sea and land paths that persisted for thousands of years which pushed products either further east or west, with Persians, Arabs and Central Asians acting as middlemen.
Europe 
Technically a peninsula of Asia, Europe has historically maintained its distinction due to the perceived 'otherness' labeled onto Asia. This type of thinking where Europeans placed themselves on a pedestal, otherwise known as Eurocentrism, has heavily impacted European thinking and perspective and emerged during the Enlightenment and Renaissance.
Before colonialism, Europe's reach was self-contained, with foreign reach limited to the Urals, West Asia and North Africa. More often than not, Europe was the recipient of influence. Breakthroughs caused by Portuguese maritime ambition served as a catalyst for European expansion across the Atlantic Ocean and trade.
North America 
North America today is a largely Anglophone continent with the exception of Central America, the Carribbean and Mexico (less so), which are sometimes seen as economically peripheral due to the dominance of the United States (and Canada).
The Carribbean is a melting pot of European, African and Indigenous cultures, and the USA even more so with millions of immigrants arriving in the USA annually because of economic opportunity.
Mexico and Central America were colonized by Spain, while the United States was British and Canada (partly) was French. Being basically encircled, many indigenous tribes were pressured to give in and pick sides, on wars or just by political alignment as time passed and the Europeans' colonies started to mature and seriously engage eachother.
South America 
South America is a relatively 'quiet' continent from a global perspective, due to economic potential squandered by political instability, primarily brought on by the legacies of the Spanish and Portuguese (and British and Dutch) conquests of the continent.
Generally, Mestizos (indigenous + European) make up an often majority portion of these countries' populations but the way they handle their histories vary. For example, Uruguay and Argentina, which historically favored and promoted identities as white countries, were largely apathetic towards their colonial past. Bolivia, on the other hand, has celebrated and institutionalized Indigenous languages and cultures, more so after the 2000s with the election of Evo Morales.
Oceania 
Oceania primarily exists out of Australia, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand and scattered islands across the Pacific Ocean, making it both the smallest continent by land area and the most geographically isolated continent on Earth. It is divided into the regions of Polynesia, Melanesia & Micronesia.
The indigenous people of Oceania have a historically rich seafaring culture. They are known for island hopping and being able to navigate extreme distances between islands.
Today, Oceanian politics revolve around the giant that is Australia while the remaining islands are mostly peripheral due to their small size. Today, some of these islands are being threatened by rising sea levels with some countries even predicted to become completely submerged in the future.
Antarctica 
Antarctica is the only continent on Earth without a permanent human settlement. The only real humans 'living' there are contracted families from Chile and Argentina, both of which have founded small towns to support their claims to the continent.
It is frowned upon for a country to lay claim to Antarctica post the Antarctic Treaty, which was signed on the 1st of December 1959 as the treaty establishes Antarctica and the water surrounding it as a natural reserve that should solely be used for peaceful research.